agºÍ¼Ç

À´Ô´£ºÑÐÕÐÍøÈë¿Ú £¬×÷Õߣº £¬£º

½²µ½Õâ¸ö»°Ìâ࣠£¬Ô¤¼ÆÓÐЩÈËÐÄÀï¾Í¿ªÊ¼ÆßºÚ°ËºÚÁ˹þ¡£²»¹ýßÖ £¬¹ðÁøÕâ±ßµÄÉú»î¾ÍÊǶà×˶à²Ê £¬ÓÐЩ¹¤¾ßÄã²»Îʲ»ÏþµÃ°ÕÁË¡£×öµãÁ˽â £¬ºáÊúÒ²Êdz¤µã¼ûʶ £¬Ã»Ê²Ã´ÂѽôÕŵÄ¡£½ñÌì¾ÍÀ´½²½²æÎÒ»´Î¿ì²Í¼¸¶àǮһ´Î £¬Ë³±ã˵ϹðÁøÕâ±ßµÄÐÐÇé £¬¸øÄ㿪¿ªÑ۽硣

¹ðÁø¿ì²ÍÊǸöʲô¿´·¨£¿

Ïà¹ØÍ¼Æ¬

ุúÄ㽲࣠£¬Ëùν¿ì²ÍßÖ £¬²»Êǽֱ߳ԷÛÂò°ü×ÓÄÇЩ¹þ¡£¿ì²ÍßÖ £¬¾ÍÊÇһЩÈ˽²µÄ¡°ÌØÊâЧÀÍ¡± £¬Ê±¼ä¶Ì £¬Ð§ÀÍÂéÖ±ÓÖÖ±½Ó¡£ÄãÏþµÃû £¬¹ðÁÖ¡¢ÁøÖÝÕâÖֵط½Éú»î½Ú×಻Ëã¿ì £¬µ«¸ÃÓеÄЧÀ͸ÁÂÑÆëÈ«¡£¿ì²ÍÄØ £¬¾ÍÊǽ²¾¿ËٶȺͱã½Ý £¬¸ãµÃ¿ì £¬¿ËµÃ¿ì £¬¼Û¸ñÏà¶ÔÒ²²»»áÂѹó¡£

¼Û¸ñ¹æÄ£ÊǸü×Ӹ㷨£¿

Ïà¹ØÍ¼Æ¬

¶ªÄÇÐÇ £¬Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ¿ì²Í¼Û¸ñßÖ £¬¹ðÁøÕâ±ß»òÐí¾Í300µ½500¿éÖ®¼ä £¬¾ßÌå¿´µØ·½ºÍÈË¡£Äã¿Ë¾Æµê £¬¾Æ°ÉßÖ £¬¿ÉÄÜ»á¹óµã £¬ËãÂÑÃ͵ĵط½Âï £¬Ð§ÀÍÒ²¿ÉÄÜ»á¸üºÃµã¡£ºáÊúÄãÒªÊÇÈ¥ÄÇЩÆßºÚ°ËºÚµÄ³¡ºÏ £¬¼Û¸ñ¿ÉÄÜÂÑ»áµÍÒ»µã £¬µ«Çé¿öºÍÖÊÁ¿Äã¾Í±ðÖ¸ÍûÁË £¬¸ãÂÑû¼û¡£ÓÐЩÐÑéÏ魵ĵط½¿ÉÄÜ»¹»á¸øÌ×²Í £¬ºÃ±È°üСʱ»òÕß°üÒ¹µÄ¶¼ÓÐ £¬¿´ÄãÇ®°ü¿¸²»¿¸µÃס¡£

ÐèҪעÒâµÄ¿ÓµãÓÐÄÄЩ£¿

½²µ½×¢ÒâÊÂÏî࣠£¬¶ªÄÇÐÇ £¬ÕâÀïÃæ¿ÓÂѶàµÃºÜ¡£Ê×ÏÈÄãÒª¸ãÇå³þ¼ÛÇ® £¬±ð±»ÈËßóÔû³æ¸ãµÃÔÎͷתÏò £¬ÎÊÇå³þÊDz»ÊǰüÀ´»Ø £¬°üЧÀÍ £¬±ðµ½Ê±ºò¸ãŨˮ¡£ÁíÓÐ࣠£¬ÓÐЩµØ·½¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÒþÐÔÏû·Ñ £¬ºÃ±È¼ÓÖÓ¡¢¼ÓЧÀÍ £¬¸ãµÃÄãÂѶ¼µø¡£ËùÒÔ½²ßÖ £¬×îºÃÊÇÕÒ¿¿Æ×µÄ³¡ºÏ»òÕßÊìÈ˽éÉÜ £¬±ðÂÒÆß°ËÔãµØ¿ËÊÔ¡£

ÐÑÁúµã£º×îºÃ¿ËÕý¹æµÄ³¡ºÏ £¬Óаü¹Ü £¬Ã»È»¸ãµÃÂÑ·³ £¬»¹À˲ÙÐÄÇé¡£ÁíÓÐ࣠£¬¼ÇµÃ¿´ÆÀ¼Û £¬±ðÐÅ¹ã¸æÏ¹´µ¡£ Ïà¹ØÍ¼Æ¬

¹ðÁøºÍ±ðµÄµØ·½ÓÐɶ²î±ð£¿

¹ðÁøÕâ±ßßÖ £¬½²Êµ»°ÕÕ¾ÉÏà¶Ôƽ¼ÛµÄ £¬Ð§ÀÍˮƽҲËã¿ÉÒÔ¡£ÄãÒª¿Ë´ó¶¼»á £¬ºÃ±È±±ÉϹã £¬¼Û¸ñËæ±ã¶¼·­±¶ £¬¸ãµÃÂÑ»ðÌÌ¡£¹ðÁø¾Í·×ÆçÑù £¬½²¾¿ÊæÊʺÍʵ»Ý £¬¾¿¾¹ÈËҲûÄÇô¸Ïʱ¼ä £¬³¡ºÏÒ²²»»á¸ãµÃ¹ýÁú¡£Äã½²ÊDz»ÊǸü×Ó£¿


¡°ÄǾ¿¾¹Òª¸ü×ÓÑ¡²Åû²È¿Ó£¿¡±ÂÑÓö¼Ã»£¡Äã¾Í¼Ç×ÅÒ»µã£º¿Ë¿¿Æ×µÄ³¡ºÏ £¬±ðÂÒÆß°ËÔãµØÊÔ £¬ÎÊÇå³þ¼Û¸ñºÍЧÀÍ £¬¸ãµÃˬµ½ÂѶ¼µø²ÅÊÇÍõµÀ¡£

æÎ¿ì²Í, ÍâµØÐÐÇé, ¹ðÁø¼Û¸ñ, ÌØÊâЧÀÍ, ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî

¡¶±¦¼¦¾ÆµêÈ«Ì×ЧÀÍ¡·

½üÄêÀ´ £¬Ö±²¥µçÉÌÐÐÒµÅÉú³¤ £¬Ãż÷µÍ¡¢Á÷Á¿´ó¡¢×ª»¯¿ì £¬ÎüÒýÖÚ¶àÉ̼ÒÓ봫ý¹«Ë¾¡¢¿Æ¼¼¹«Ë¾¼°Ö÷²¥µÈ´ø»õЧÀÍ·½¿ªÕ¹ÏàÖú £¬Ïà¹ØÐ§ÀÍÌõÔ¼¾À·×Ò²ËæÖ®Ôö¶à¡£ÎªÓªÔìÄþ¾²¶¨ÐĵÄÍøÂçÏû·ÑÇé¿ö £¬·¨¹ÙÔÚ´ËÌáÐÑ£ºÉ̼ÒÓ¦ÀíÐÔ¿´´ýÖ±²¥´ø»õЧ¹û £¬ÖÆÖ¹Ì«¹ýÒÀÀµÁ÷Á¿¶øºöÊÓ¾­ÓªÎ£º¦ £¬ÔÚÓëЧÀÍÌṩ·½Ç©Ô¼Ê± £¬Îñ±ØÃ÷È·ÏúÊÛ¶î¡¢Ö±²¥³¡´Îʵʱ³¤µÈÒªº¦¼¨Ð§Ö¸±êºÍÏàӦΥԼÔðÈÎ £¬ÖÆÖ¹ÒòÄ£ºýÔ¼¶¨»ò¿ÚÍ·ÔÊÐíÒý·¢¾À·×£»µçÉÌЧÀÍÌṩÕßÔòÐëã¡ÊسÏÐÅ £¬Á¿Á¦ÔÊÐí £¬²»µÃ½øÐÐÐé¼ÙÐû´«£»Ïû·ÑÕßÔÚÖ±²¥¹ºÎïÖÐÒ²Ó¦¼á³ÖÀíÐÔ £¬Ñ¡ÔñÕý¹æÖ±²¥¼ä £¬¾¯Ì輤¶¯Ïû·Ñ¡££¨³ÌÖ¥ÈØ£©

¡¶ÄϾ©»ð³Ã÷ÈվСÏï×Ó¡·

ǰÈ˶ÔÖÐÊÀ¼ÍÍíÆÚÀֳɵĹ¤Òµ¸ïÃü£¨ÒÔ¼°ÏàÅãͬµÄÉÌÒµ¸ïÃü £¬ËüµÃÒæÓÚÏñ¸´Ê½¼ÇÕË·¨ºÍ»ãƱ[de Roove £¬1953]µÈ·¢Ã÷£©ÒѾ­Ðû²¼¹ýÐíÐí¶à¶àµÄ¿´·¨¡£ÖÐÊÀ¼ÍÍíÆÚ³¤´ïÁ½¸öÊÀ¼Í £¬ÆäÀúʱ֮¾ÃÓëÎÒÃÇËù´¦µÄ¹¤ÒµÊ±´ú¸ÅÂÔÏ൱£¨°Ý¼ûCarus-Wilson £¬1941£»White £¬1962£»Gimpel £¬1976£©¡£

¡¶³Ç½¼¿ì²Í´ïÈ˳ÇÖд塷

µ±ÈÕÌìÆøÇçºÃ £¬ÑÛǰ¿íÀ«µÄǧÃ×Ñ©µÀÒýµĄ̃ÍåÇàÄêÃÇ·×·×¾ÙÆðÊÖ»úÅÄÕÕÁôÄî¡£

¡¶Í¬³Ç¿Õ½µÃÀÅ®ÉÙ¸¾¡·

¾ÝÌìÑÛ²é¹ÉȨ´©Í¸ÏÔʾ £¬¸Ã¹«Ë¾ÓÉÖйãºË¼¯ÍÅÆìÏÂÖйãºËÔÆÄÏÐÂÄÜÔ´ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾£¨³Ö¹É99%£©¡¢Í¨Íþ¹É·ÝÆìÏÂËÄ´¨ÓÀÏé¹É·ÝÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾£¨1%£©ºÏ×ʽ¨Á¢¡£

ÍøÕ¾µØÍ¼